CVE-2017-9569
The Citizens Bank (TX) cbtx-on-the-go/id892396102 app 3.0.0 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive…
All CVEs associated with "Go". Page 12/13 • 1450 CVEs.
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A curated feed of “Go”-related CVEs appears below. We currently track 1450 CVEs for this tag (all time). In the last 365 days, 476 were published. Average CVSS is 6.9 (all time; 6.8 over 365d), and 53% are rated High/Critical (all time). Top CWEs (last 365 days): CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'), CWE-119 - Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer, CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF).
In our taxonomy this topic maps to a LOW impact class. Language runtimes and libraries cascade through dependency graphs. Upgrade runtime and toolchain, pin versions, rebuild images, and enable SAST or DAST and linters. Use the filters below to sort by CVSS, risk and CWE. Each detail page highlights vendor advisories and mitigation tips.
CVEs tagged with this topic. Filters apply to the whole list (loaded from JSON).
The Citizens Bank (TX) cbtx-on-the-go/id892396102 app 3.0.0 for iOS does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof servers and obtain sensitive…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.6 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.12, the Bazaar dissector could go into an infinite loop. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-bzr.c by ensuring that backwards parsing cannot occu…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.6 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.12, the SoulSeek dissector could go into an infinite loop. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-slsk.c by making loop bounds more explicit.
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.6 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.12, the DNS dissector could go into an infinite loop. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-dns.c by trying to detect self-referencing pointers.
Apache Hive (JDBC + HiveServer2) implements SSL for plain TCP and HTTP connections (it supports both transport modes). While validating the server's certificate during the connection setup, the clien…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the WSP dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/pac…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the SLSK dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/pa…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the SIGCOMP dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the RPC over RDMA dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/diss…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5, the DOF dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-dof.c by using a…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the WBXML dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/p…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the BGP dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/pac…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.5 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.11, the NetScaler file parser could go into an infinite loop, triggered by a malformed capture file. This was addressed in wiretap/netscaler.c by ensuring…
The Go SSH library (x/crypto/ssh) by default does not verify host keys, facilitating man-in-the-middle attacks. Default behavior changed in commit e4e2799 to require explicitly registering a hostkey…
go-jose before 1.0.5 suffers from a CBC-HMAC integer overflow on 32-bit architectures. An integer overflow could lead to authentication bypass for CBC-HMAC encrypted ciphertexts on 32-bit architectur…
go-jose before 1.0.4 suffers from multiple signatures exploitation. The go-jose library supports messages with multiple signatures. However, when validating a signed message the API did not indicate…
go-jose before 1.0.4 suffers from an invalid curve attack for the ECDH-ES algorithm. When deriving a shared key using ECDH-ES for an encrypted message, go-jose neglected to check that the received pu…
An issue was discovered in Siemens ETA4 firmware (all versions prior to Revision 08) of the SM-2558 extension module for: SICAM AK, SICAM TM 1703, SICAM BC 1703, and SICAM AK 3. Specially crafted pac…
The gst_avi_demux_parse_ncdt function in gst/avi/gstavidemux.c in gst-plugins-good in GStreamer before 1.10.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (invalid memory read and crash) via…
The gst_avi_demux_parse_ncdt function in gst/avi/gstavidemux.c in gst-plugins-good in GStreamer before 1.10.3 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds heap read) via vector…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.3 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.9, the DHCPv6 dissector could go into a large loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packe…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.3 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.9, the ASTERIX dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by packet injection or a malformed capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/…
A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC S7-300 CPU family (All versions), SIMATIC S7-300 CPU family (incl. related ET200 CPUs and SIPLUS variants) (All versions), SIMATIC S7-400 PN/DP V6 and b…
In Wireshark 2.2.0 to 2.2.1 and 2.0.0 to 2.0.7, the DTN dissector could go into an infinite loop, triggered by network traffic or a capture file. This was addressed in epan/dissectors/packet-dtn.c by…
Microsoft Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold, 1511, and 1607, when the lock screen is enabled, do not properly restrict the loading of web content, which allows…
A vulnerability has been identified in Firmware variant PROFINET IO for EN100 Ethernet module : All versions < V1.04.01; Firmware variant Modbus TCP for EN100 Ethernet module : All versions < V1.11.0…
The net/http package in Go through 1.6 does not attempt to address RFC 3875 section 4.1.18 namespace conflicts and therefore does not protect CGI applications from the presence of untrusted client da…
libcontainer/user/user.go in runC before 0.1.0, as used in Docker before 1.11.2, improperly treats a numeric UID as a potential username, which allows local users to gain privileges via a numeric use…
The Verify function in crypto/dsa/dsa.go in Go before 1.5.4 and 1.6.x before 1.6.1 does not properly check parameters passed to the big integer library, which might allow remote attackers to cause a…
Untrusted search path vulnerability in Go before 1.5.4 and 1.6.x before 1.6.1 on Windows allows local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse DLL in the current working directory, related to use…
The Int.Exp Montgomery code in the math/big library in Go 1.5.x before 1.5.3 mishandles carry propagation and produces incorrect output, which makes it easier for attackers to obtain private RSA keys…
Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 Gold and 1511 mishandle library loading, which allows local users to gain privileges via a c…
Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 do not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges…
Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, Windows RT Gold and 8.1, and Windows 10 do not properly constrain impersonation levels, which allows local users to gain privileges…
The cpanel function in go_site.php in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the $type portion of the PATH_INFO.
The cpanel function in go_site.php in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE before 3.3-1420434000 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the $action portion of the PATH_INFO.
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE before 3.3-1421902800 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) user_name or (2) user_pass parameter in go_l…
Unrestricted file upload vulnerability in go_audiostore.php in the audiostore (Voice Files) upload functionality in GoAutoDial GoAdmin CE 3.x before 3.3-1421902800 allows remote attackers to execute…
The ReduceTransitionElementsKind function in hydrogen-check-elimination.cc in Google V8 before 4.2.77.8, as used in Google Chrome before 42.0.2311.90, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of ser…
Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Google V8 before 4.1.0.21, as used in Google Chrome before 41.0.2272.76, allow attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have other impact via unknown…
The DragImage::create function in platform/DragImage.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 41.0.2272.76, does not initialize memory for image drawing, which allows remote attackers to have an…
Use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Office 2007 SP3, 2010 SP2, and 2013 Gold and SP1 allows remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted document, aka "Microsoft Offic…
Open redirect vulnerability in go.php in Eleanor CMS allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the QUERY_STRING.
Unspecified vulnerability in JustSystems Ichitaro 2008 through 2011; Ichitaro Government 6, 7, 2008, 2009, and 2010; Ichitaro Pro; Ichitaro Pro 2; Ichitaro 2011 Sou; Ichitaro 2012 Shou; Ichitaro 2013…
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in models/issue.go in Gogs (aka Go Git Service) 0.3.1-9 through 0.5.x before 0.5.8 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the text…
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in Gogs (aka Go Git Service) 0.3.1-9 through 0.5.x before 0.5.6.1105 Beta allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the q parameter to (1) ap…
SQL injection vulnerability in the GetIssues function in models/issue.go in Gogs (aka Go Git Service) 0.3.1-9 through 0.5.6.x before 0.5.6.1025 Beta allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL c…
Open redirect vulnerability in go.php in vBulletin 4.2.1 allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary web sites and conduct phishing attacks via a URL in the url parameter.
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Allomani Weblinks 1.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) default URI to admin.php or the (2) id parameter…
The Go MSX MLS (aka com.doapps.android.realestate.RE_16b9c09c4d5b0e174208f35e7c49f9a0) application 2.3.4.MR3 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-m…
Juniper Junos 11.4 before R11, 12.1 before R9, 12.1X44 before D30, 12.1X45 before D20, 12.1X46 before D15, 12.1X47 before D10, 12.2 before R8, 12.2X50 before D70, 12.3 before R6, 13.1 before R4, 13.1…
crpyto/tls in Go 1.1 before 1.3.2, when SessionTicketsDisabled is enabled, allows man-in-the-middle attackers to spoof clients via unspecified vectors.
python_scripts.py in Plone before 4.2.3 and 4.3 before beta 1 allows remote attackers to execute Python code via a crafted URL, related to "go_back."
The Dreamland Super Theme GO Gold (aka com.gau.go.launcherex.viptheme.dreamland.gold) application 1 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle att…
The Rix GO Locker Theme (aka com.jiubang.goscreenlock.theme.rix.getjar) application 1.20.2 for Android does not verify X.509 certificates from SSL servers, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to…
The CG Automation Software DNP3 driver, used in the ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway products, does not validate input correctly. An attacker could cause the software to go into an infinite loop, causi…
SQL injection vulnerability in the Gallery Objects plugin 0.4 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the viewid parameter in a go_view_object action to wp-admin/a…
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in go.php in the URL Cloak & Encrypt (url-cloak-encrypt) plugin 2.0 and earlier for WordPress allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML v…
Heap-based buffer overflow in paintlib, as used in Trimble SketchUp (formerly Google SketchUp) before 2013 (13.0.3689), allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted RLE4-compressed…
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in admin/swarm-settings.php in the Bugs Go Viral : Facebook Promotion Generator (fbpromotions) plugin 1.3.4 and earlier for WordPress allow remote…
Heap-based buffer overflow in paintlib, as used in Trimble SketchUp (formerly Google SketchUp) before 8 Maintenance 3, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted RLE8 compressed…
The MSCOMCTL library in Microsoft Office 2007 SP3, 2010 SP1 and SP2, and 2013 Gold, SP1, RT, and RT SP1 makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass the ASLR protection mechanism via a crafted web…
Directory traversal vulnerability in the web interface in Titan FTP Server before 10.40 build 1829 allows remote attackers to list all usernames via a Go action with a .. (dot dot) in the search-bar…
The base64DecodeInternal function in wtf/text/Base64.cpp in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 34.0.1847.116, does not properly handle string data composed exclusively of whitespace characters, w…
cgi-bin/postpf/cgi-bin/dynamic/config/config.html on Lexmark X94x before LC.BR.P142, X85x through LC4.BE.P487, X644 and X646 before LC2.MC.P374, X642 through LC2.MB.P318, W840 through LS.HA.P252, T64…
The get_dht function in jdmarker.c in libjpeg-turbo through 1.3.0, as used in Google Chrome before 31.0.1650.48 and other products, does not set all elements of a certain Huffman value array during t…
Unspecified vulnerability in JustSystems Ichitaro 2006 through 2011; Ichitaro Government 6, 7, and 2006 through 2010; Ichitaro 2011 Sou; Ichitaro 2012 Shou; Ichitaro 2013 Gen and Gen Trial Edition; I…
Multiple race conditions in the Web Audio implementation in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 30.0.1599.66, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other…
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO Message Widget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.smswidget) application 1.9, 2.1, and 2.3 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO Bookmark Widget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.bookmark) application 1.1 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO Note Widget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.notewidget) application 1.5 and 1.9 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO WeiboWidget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.weibowidget) application 2.4 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO QQWeiboWidget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.qqweibowidget) application 1.2 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO FBWidget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.fbwidget) application 1.9 and 2.1 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO TwiWidget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.twitterwidget) application 1.7 and 2.1 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO Email Widget (com.gau.go.launcherex.gowidget.emailwidget) application 1.3.1, 1.8, and 1.81 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Unspecified vulnerability in the GO SMS Pro (com.jb.gosms) application 3.72, 4.10, and 4.35 for Android has unknown impact and attack vectors.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Yet another Google search (ya_googlesearch) extension before 0.3.10 for TYPO3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via unspec…
Passlogix v-GO Self-Service Password Reset (SSPR) and OEM before 7.0A allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary programs without authentication by triggering use of an invalid SSL ce…
The Netlogon RPC Service in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2 and Server 2008 Gold, SP2, and R2, when the domain controller role is enabled, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL…
SQL injection vulnerability in browse.php in Accessories Me PHP Affiliate Script 1.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the Go parameter.
Unspecified vulnerability in JustSystems Ichitaro 2004 through 2009, Ichitaro Government 2006 through 2009, and Just School 2008 and 2009 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via unknown…
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Online Work Order Suite (OWOS) Lite Edition 3.10 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the show parameter to (1) def…
The kernel in Microsoft Windows Vista Gold, SP1, and SP2, Windows Server 2008 Gold, SP2, and R2, and Windows 7 does not properly translate a registry key's virtual path to its real path, which allows…
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in anzeiger/start.php in Swinger Club Portal allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the go parameter.
SQL injection vulnerability in go_target.php in dev4u CMS allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the kontent_id parameter.
Multiple heap-based buffer overflows in cppcanvas/source/mtfrenderer/emfplus.cxx in Go-oo 2.x and 3.x before 3.0.1, previously named ooo-build and related to OpenOffice.org (OOo), allow remote attack…
Heap-based buffer overflow in svtools/source/filter.vcl/wmf/enhwmf.cxx in Go-oo 2.x and 3.x before 3.0.1, previously named ooo-build and related to OpenOffice.org (OOo), allows remote attackers to ex…
The search-ms protocol handler in Windows Explorer in Microsoft Windows Vista Gold and SP1 and Server 2008 uses untrusted parameter data obtained from incorrect parsing, which allows remote attackers…
SQL injection vulnerability in go.php in Panuwat PromoteWeb MySQL, when magic_quotes_gpc is disabled, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in index.php in Domain Group Network GooCMS 1.02 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the s parameter in a comments action. NOT…
SQL injection vulnerability in staticpages/easyclassifields/index.php in MyioSoft EasyClassifields 3.0 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the go parameter in a browse actio…
SQL injection vulnerability in go.php in Scripts24 iPost 1.0.1 and iTGP 1.0.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter in a report action.
SQL injection vulnerability in index.php in HoMaP-CMS 0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the go parameter.
Directory traversal vulnerability in install_mod.php in insanevisions OneCMS 2.5 allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the load parameter in a go…
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in the web administration interface in Sophos ES1000 and ES4000 Email Security Appliance 2.1.0.0 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web scr…
SQL injection vulnerability in users.php in Mihalism Multi Host allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the username parameter in a lost_password_go action.
SQL injection vulnerability in go.php in PHP ZLink 0.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in directory.php in the Multi-Forums (aka Multi Host Forum Pro) module 1.3.3, for phpBB and Invision Power Board (IPB or IP.Board), allow remote attackers to ex…
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in shoutbox/blocco.php in Hackish BETA 1.1 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the go_shout parameter.
SQL injection vulnerability in start.php in Webace-Linkscript (wls) 1.3 Special Edition (SE) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter in a rubrik go action.
Unspecified vulnerability in BEA WebLogic Server 6.1 Gold through SP7 and 7.0 Gold through SP7 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (disk consumption) via certain malformed HTTP heade…
Directory traversal vulnerability in go/_files in SOTEeSKLEP before 4.0 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a .. (dot dot) in the file parameter.
Buffer overflow in the Configuration Checker (ConfigChk) ActiveX control in VSCnfChk.dll 2.0.0.2 for Verisign Managed PKI Service, Secure Messaging for Microsoft Exchange, and Go Secure! allows remot…
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in index.php in AbleDesign MyCalendar allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via (1) the go parameter, (2) the keyword param…
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in index.php in dev4u CMS allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) seite_id, (2) gruppe_id.php, and (3) go_target parameters.
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in index.php in dev4u CMS allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via the (1) user_name, (2) passwort, and (3) go_target para…
SQL injection vulnerability in mods.php in GNUTurk 2G and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the t_id parameter when the go parameter is "Forum."
Multiple directory traversal vulnerabilities in Stefan Ernst Newsscript (aka WM-News) 0.5beta allow remote attackers to (1) read arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) sequence in the ide parameter…
Multiple direct static code injection vulnerabilities in add_go.php in Stefan Ernst Newsscript (aka WM-News) 0.5 beta allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the (1) description, (2)…
Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in Stefan Ernst Newsscript (aka WM-News) 0.5 beta allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) ide parameter in (a) art…
Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in links.php in ssLinks 1.22 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) go parameter and (2) id parameter in a rate action.
Jelsoft vBulletin 3.5.4 allows remote attackers to register multiple arbitrary users and cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large number of requests to register.php. NOTE: the ve…
passwd before 1:4.0.13 on Ubuntu 6.06 LTS leaves the root password blank instead of locking it when the administrator selects the "Go Back" option after the final "Installation complete" message and…
Multiple cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities in Horde Application Framework 3.0.0 through 3.0.10 and 3.1.0 through 3.1.1 allow remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via a (1)…
services/go.php in Horde Application Framework 3.0.0 through 3.0.10 and 3.1.0 through 3.1.1 does not properly restrict its image proxy capability, which allows remote attackers to perform "Web tunnel…
Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in ISPConfig 2.2.3 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the (1) go_info[isp][classes_root] parameter in (a) server.inc.…
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in ActionApps 2.8.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the GLOBALS[AA_INC_PATH] parameter in (1) cached.php3, (2) cron.php3, (…
PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in session.inc.php in ISPConfig 2.2.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the go_info[server][classes_root] paramete…
Horde Application Framework 3.0.9 allows remote attackers to read arbitrary files via a null character in the url parameter in services/go.php, which bypasses a sanity check.