About “SQL Injection”

A curated feed of “SQL Injection”-related CVEs appears below. We currently track 20883 CVEs for this tag (all time). In the last 365 days, 4069 were published. Average CVSS is 7.7 (all time; 7.3 over 365d), and 76% are rated High/Critical (all time). Top CWEs (last 365 days): CWE-74 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection'), CWE-89 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation.

In our taxonomy this topic maps to a HIGH impact class. Common exploitation patterns for this weakness can lead to high. Use the filters to triage high risk first and validate exposure in your environment. Use the filters below to sort by CVSS, risk and CWE. Each detail page highlights vendor advisories and mitigation tips.

CVEs tagged with this topic. Filters apply to the whole list (loaded from JSON).

CVSS ≥ 0.0
2017-09-07
Medium

CVE-2017-12227

A vulnerability in the SQL database interface for Cisco Emergency Responder could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a blind SQL injection attack. The vulnerability is due to a failur…

Critical

CVE-2015-5052

SQL injection vulnerability in Sefrengo before 1.6.5 beta2.

High

CVE-2015-4724

SQL injection vulnerability in Concrete5 5.7.3.1.

Critical

CVE-2015-4627

SQL injection vulnerability in Pragyan CMS 3.0.

High

CVE-2015-3314

SQL injection vulnerability in WordPress Tune Library plugin before 1.5.5.

Critical

CVE-2015-3313

SQL injection vulnerability in WordPress Community Events plugin before 1.4.

Critical

CVE-2017-9834

SQL injection vulnerability in the WatuPRO plugin before 5.5.3.7 for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the watupro_questions parameter in a watupro_submit action…

2017-09-05
Critical

CVE-2017-14145

HelpDEZk 1.1.1 has SQL Injection in app\modules\admin\controllers\loginController.php via the admin/login/getWarningInfo/id/ PATH_INFO, related to the selectWarning function.

2017-08-31
High

CVE-2016-10509

SQL injection vulnerability in the updateAmazonOrderTracking function in upload/admin/model/openbay/amazon.php in OpenCart before version 2.3.0.0 allows remote authenticated administrators to execute…

Critical

CVE-2017-14076

SQL Injection exists in NexusPHP 1.5.beta5.20120707 via the id parameter to linksmanage.php in an editlink action.

Critical

CVE-2017-14069

SQL Injection exists in NexusPHP 1.5.beta5.20120707 via the usernw array parameter to nowarn.php.

2017-08-30
High

CVE-2017-12710

A SQL Injection issue was discovered in Advantech WebAccess versions prior to V8.2_20170817. By submitting a specially crafted parameter, it is possible to inject arbitrary SQL statements that could…

2017-08-29
High

CVE-2015-8334

SQL injection vulnerability in the Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) in Huawei VCN500 before V100R002C00SPC201 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via a crafted HTT…

Critical

CVE-2015-7517

Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the Double Opt-In for Download plugin before 2.0.9 for WordPress allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the ver parameter to (1) class-…

Critical

CVE-2017-10842

SQL injection vulnerability in the baserCMS 3.0.14 and earlier, 4.0.5 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

High

CVE-2017-10839

SQL injection vulnerability in the SEO Panel prior to version 3.11.0 allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

2017-08-28
Critical

CVE-2014-9558

Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in SmartCMS v.2.

2017-08-24
High

CVE-2015-8355

Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in the orion.extfeedbackform module before 2.1.3 for Bitrix allow remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the (1) order or (2) "by" par…

Critical

CVE-2017-13669

SQL Injection exists in NexusPHP 1.5.beta5.20120707 via the setanswered parameter to staffbox.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-12679

SQL Injection exists in NexusPHP 1.5.beta5.20120707 via the delcheater parameter to cheaterbox.php.

2017-08-23
Critical

CVE-2017-13137

The FormCraft Basic plugin 1.0.5 for WordPress has SQL injection in the id parameter to form.php.

2017-08-21
Critical

CVE-2017-12981

NexusPHP 1.5.beta5.20120707 has SQL Injection in forummanage.php via the sort parameter in an addforum action.

High

CVE-2017-12977

The Web-Dorado "Photo Gallery by WD - Responsive Photo Gallery" plugin before 1.3.51 for WordPress has a SQL injection vulnerability related to bwg_edit_tag() in photo-gallery.php and edit_tag() in a…

2017-08-18
High

CVE-2017-12949

lib\modules\contributors\contributor_list_table.php in the Podlove Podcast Publisher plugin 2.5.3 and earlier for WordPress has SQL injection in the orderby parameter to wp-admin/admin.php, exploitab…

High

CVE-2017-12947

classes\controller\admin\modals.php in the Easy Modal plugin before 2.1.0 for WordPress has SQL injection in an untrash action with the id, ids, or modal parameter to wp-admin/admin.php, exploitable…

High

CVE-2017-12946

classes\controller\admin\modals.php in the Easy Modal plugin before 2.1.0 for WordPress has SQL injection in a delete action with the id, ids, or modal parameter to wp-admin/admin.php, exploitable by…

Critical

CVE-2017-12776

SQL injection vulnerability in reports.php in NexusPHP 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the delreport parameter.

2017-08-17
Critical

CVE-2017-12910

SQL injection vulnerability in massmail.php in NexusPHP 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the or parameter.

Critical

CVE-2017-12909

SQL injection vulnerability in modtask.php in NexusPHP 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the userid parameter.

Critical

CVE-2017-12908

SQL injection vulnerability in takeconfirm.php in NexusPHP 1.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the conusr parameter.

2017-08-11
Critical

CVE-2015-3616

SQL injection vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 5.0.x before 5.0.11, 5.2.x before 5.2.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified parameters.

2017-08-10
High

CVE-2017-1174

IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 5.2 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote attacker could send specially-crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify or…

2017-08-09
Critical

CVE-2015-0782

SQL injection vulnerability in the ScheduleQuery method of the schedule class in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecifi…

Critical

CVE-2015-0780

SQL injection vulnerability in the GetReRequestData method of the GetStoredResult class in Novell ZENworks Configuration Management (ZCM) allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via…

2017-08-07
Critical

CVE-2017-12650

SQL Injection exists in the Loginizer plugin before 1.3.6 for WordPress via the X-Forwarded-For HTTP header.

Critical

CVE-2017-12567

SQL injection exists in Quest KACE Asset Management Appliance 6.4.120822 through 7.2, Systems Management Appliance 6.4.120822 through 7.2.101, and K1000 as a Service 7.0 through 7.2.

High

CVE-2017-6757

A vulnerability in Cisco Unified Communications Manager 10.5(2.10000.5), 11.0(1.10000.10), and 11.5(1.10000.6) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a blind SQL injection attack. T…

Medium

CVE-2017-6754

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of the Cisco Smart Net Total Care (SNTC) Software Collector Appliance 3.11 could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a read-only,…

2017-08-06
High

CVE-2017-12585

SLiMS 8 Akasia through 8.3.1 has SQL injection in admin/AJAX_lookup_handler.php (tableName and tableFields parameters), admin/AJAX_check_id.php, and admin/AJAX_vocabolary_control.php. It can be explo…

2017-08-04
Critical

CVE-2017-10816

SQL injection vulnerability in the MaLion for Windows and Mac 5.0.0 to 5.2.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via Relay Service Server.

2017-08-02
High

CVE-2017-11388

SQL Injection in Trend Micro Control Manager 6.0 causes Remote Code Execution when RestfulServiceUtility.NET.dll doesn't properly validate user provided strings before constructing SQL queries. Forme…

Critical

CVE-2017-11386

SQL Injection in Trend Micro Control Manager 6.0 causes Remote Code Execution when executing opcode 0x4707 due to lack of proper user input validation in cmdHandlerNewReportScheduler.dll. Formerly ZD…

Critical

CVE-2017-11385

SQL Injection in Trend Micro Control Manager 6.0 causes Remote Code Execution when executing opcode 0x6b1b due to lack of proper user input validation in cmdHandlerStatusMonitor.dll. Formerly ZDI-CAN…

Critical

CVE-2017-11384

SQL Injection in Trend Micro Control Manager 6.0 causes Remote Code Execution when executing opcode 0x3b21 due to lack of proper user input validation in mdHandlerLicenseManager.dll. Formerly ZDI-CAN…

Critical

CVE-2017-11383

SQL Injection in Trend Micro Control Manager 6.0 causes Remote Code Execution when executing opcode 0x1b07 due to lack of proper user input validation in cmdHandlerTVCSCommander.dll. Formerly ZDI-CAN…

Critical

CVE-2017-11494

SQL injection vulnerability in SOL.Connect ISET-mpp meter 1.2.4.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the user parameter in a login action.

Critical

CVE-2017-12199

The Etoile Ultimate Product Catalog plugin 4.2.11 for WordPress has SQL injection with these wp-admin/admin-ajax.php POST actions: catalogue_update_order list-item, video_update_order video-item, ima…

2017-07-29
High

CVE-2017-11736

SQL injection vulnerability in core\admin\auto-modules\forms\process.php in BigTree 4.2.18 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the tags array parameter.

2017-07-28
Critical

CVE-2017-11184

SQL injection exists in front/devicesoundcard.php in GLPI before 9.1.5 via the start parameter.

2017-07-27
High

CVE-2017-11678

SQL injection vulnerability in Hashtopus 1.5g allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the format parameter in admin.php.

2017-07-26
Critical

CVE-2017-11631

dapur/app/app_user/controller/status.php in Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection via the id parameter.

2017-07-25
Critical

CVE-2015-2798

SQL injection vulnerability in Joomla! Component Contact Form Maker 1.0.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter.

2017-07-24
Critical

CVE-2017-11324

An issue was discovered in Tilde CMS 1.0.1. Due to missing escaping of the backtick character, a SELECT query in class.SystemAction.php is vulnerable to SQL Injection. The vulnerability can be trigge…

Critical

CVE-2017-11584

dayrui FineCms 5.0.9 has SQL Injection via the field parameter in an action=module, action=member, action=form, or action=related request to libraries/Template.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-11583

dayrui FineCms 5.0.9 has SQL Injection via the catid parameter in an action=related request to libraries/Template.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-11582

dayrui FineCms 5.0.9 has SQL Injection via the num parameter in an action=related or action=tags request to libraries/Template.php.

2017-07-22
Critical

CVE-2017-3221

Blind SQL injection in Inmarsat AmosConnect 8 login form allows remote attackers to access user credentials, including user names and passwords.

2017-07-20
High

CVE-2017-11475

GLPI before 9.1.5.1 has SQL Injection in the condition rule field, exploitable via front/rulesengine.test.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-11474

GLPI before 9.1.5.1 has SQL Injection in the $crit variable in inc/computer_softwareversion.class.php, exploitable via ajax/common.tabs.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-11471

IDERA Uptime Monitor 7.8 has SQL injection in /gadgets/definitions/uptime.CapacityWhatIfGadget/getmetrics.php via the element parameter.

Critical

CVE-2017-11470

IDERA Uptime Monitor 7.8 has SQL injection in /gadgets/definitions/uptime.CapacityWhatifGadget/getxenmetrics.php via the element parameter.

2017-07-19
Critical

CVE-2017-11445

Subrion CMS before 4.1.6 has a SQL injection vulnerability in /front/actions.php via the $_POST array.

Critical

CVE-2017-11444

Subrion CMS before 4.1.5.10 has a SQL injection vulnerability in /front/search.php via the $_GET array.

2017-07-18
Critical

CVE-2017-11419

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in /apps/app_article/controller/editor.php via $_POST['id'] and $_POST['art_title'].

Critical

CVE-2017-11418

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in dapur/apps/app_article/controller/article_list.php via $_GET['cat'], $_GET['user'], $_GET['level'], and $_GET['iSortCol_'.$i].

Critical

CVE-2017-11417

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in dapur/apps/app_article/controller/article_status.php via $_GET['id'].

Critical

CVE-2017-11416

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in /apps/app_comment/controller/insert.php via the name parameter.

Critical

CVE-2017-11415

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in dapur/apps/app_article/sys_article.php via $_POST['parent_id'], $_POST['desc'], $_POST['keys'], and $_POST['level'].

Critical

CVE-2017-11414

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in dapur/apps/app_comment/sys_comment.php via $_POST['comment'], $_POST['name'], $_POST['web'], $_POST['email'], $_POST['status'], $_POST['id'], and $_REQUEST['id'].

Critical

CVE-2017-11413

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in dapur/apps/app_article/controller/comment_status.php via $_GET['id'].

Critical

CVE-2017-11412

Fiyo CMS 2.0.7 has SQL injection in dapur/apps/app_comment/controller/comment_status.php via $_GET['id'].

2017-07-17
High

CVE-2017-7681

Apache OpenMeetings 1.0.0 is vulnerable to SQL injection. This allows authenticated users to modify the structure of the existing query and leak the structure of other queries being made by the appli…

Medium

CVE-2017-2241

SQL injection vulnerability in the AssetView for MacOS Ver.9.2.0 and earlier versions allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via "File Transfer Web Service".

Critical

CVE-2017-11354

Fiyo CMS v2.0.7 has an SQL injection vulnerability in dapur/apps/app_article/sys_article.php via the name parameter in editing or adding a tag name.

Critical

CVE-2017-11329

GLPI before 9.1.5 allows SQL injection via an ajax/getDropdownValue.php request with an entity_restrict parameter that is not a list of integers.

High

CVE-2017-1000067

MODX Revolution version 2.x - 2.5.6 is vulnerable to blind SQL injection caused by improper sanitization by the escape method resulting in authenticated user accessing database and possibly escalatin…

Critical

CVE-2017-1000060

EyesOfNetwork (EON) 5.1 Unauthenticated SQL Injection in eonweb leading to remote root

High

CVE-2017-1000031

SQL injection vulnerability in graph_templates_inputs.php in Cacti 0.8.8b allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the graph_template_input_id and graph_template_id parameters.

Critical

CVE-2017-1000004

ATutor version 2.2.1 and earlier are vulnerable to a SQL injection in the Assignment Dropbox, BasicLTI, Blog Post, Blog, Group Course Email, Course Alumni, Course Enrolment, Group Membership, Course…

2017-07-13
High

CVE-2017-11200

SQL Injection exists in FineCMS through 2017-07-12 via the application/core/controller/excludes.php visitor_ip parameter.

2017-07-12
Critical

CVE-2017-11174

In install/page_dbsettings.php in the Core distribution of XOOPS 2.5.8.1, unfiltered data passed to CREATE and ALTER SQL queries caused SQL Injection in the database settings page, related to use of…

2017-07-09
High

CVE-2017-8002

EMC Data Protection Advisor prior to 6.4 contains multiple blind SQL injection vulnerabilities. A remote authenticated attacker may potentially exploit these vulnerabilities to gain information about…

2017-07-05
Critical

CVE-2017-1175

IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.1, 7.5, and 7.6 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote attacker could send specially-crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify or del…

Critical

CVE-2017-1269

IBM Security Guardium 10.0 and 10.1 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote attacker could send specially-crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify or delete inform…

2017-07-04
Medium

CVE-2017-6698

A vulnerability in the Cisco Prime Infrastructure (PI) and Evolved Programmable Network Manager (EPNM) SQL database interface could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to impact the confidentiali…

2017-06-29
Critical

CVE-2017-10682

SQL injection vulnerability in the administrative backend in Piwigo through 2.9.1 allows remote users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the cat_false or cat_true parameter in the comments or stat…

2017-06-24
Critical

CVE-2017-9848

SQL injection vulnerability in C_InfoService.asmx in WebServices in Easysite 7.0 could allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via an XML document containing a crafted ArticleIDs ele…

2017-06-23
High

CVE-2017-1347

IBM Sterling B2B Integrator Standard Edition 5.2 is vulnerable to SQL injection. A remote attacker could send specially-crafted SQL statements, which could allow the attacker to view, add, modify or…

2017-06-21
High

CVE-2016-7508

Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in GLPI 0.90.4 allow an authenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands by using a certain character when the database is configured to use Big5…

Critical

CVE-2017-6050

A SQL Injection issue was discovered in Ecava IntegraXor Versions 5.2.1231.0 and prior. The application fails to properly validate user input, which may allow for an unauthenticated attacker to remot…

2017-06-19
High

CVE-2017-9759

SQL Injection exists in admin/index.php in Zenbership 1.0.8 via the filters array parameter, exploitable by a privileged account.

Critical

CVE-2017-9730

SQL injection vulnerability in rdr.php in nuevoMailer version 6.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the "r" parameter.

2017-06-14
Medium

CVE-2017-9463

The application Piwigo is affected by a SQL injection vulnerability in version 2.9.0 and possibly prior. This vulnerability allows remote authenticated attackers to obtain information in the context…

2017-06-13
High

CVE-2017-9603

SQL injection vulnerability in the WP Jobs plugin before 1.5 for WordPress allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the jobid parameter to wp-admin/edit.php.

High

CVE-2017-9429

SQL injection vulnerability in the Event List plugin 0.7.8 for WordPress allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the id parameter to wp-admin/admin.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-9246

New Relic .NET Agent before 6.3.123.0 adds SQL injection flaws to safe applications via vectors involving failure to escape quotes during use of the Slow Queries feature, as demonstrated by a mishand…

Medium

CVE-2017-6668

Vulnerabilities in the web-based GUI of Cisco Unified Communications Domain Manager (CUCDM) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to impact the confidentiality of the system by executing arbi…

Medium

CVE-2017-4974

An issue was discovered in Cloud Foundry Foundation cf-release versions prior to v258; UAA release 2.x versions prior to v2.7.4.15, 3.6.x versions prior to v3.6.9, 3.9.x versions prior to v3.9.11, an…

High

CVE-2017-4972

An issue was discovered in Cloud Foundry Foundation cf-release versions prior to v257; UAA release 2.x versions prior to v2.7.4.14, 3.6.x versions prior to v3.6.8, 3.9.x versions prior to v3.9.10, an…

2017-06-12
High

CVE-2017-9418

SQL injection vulnerability in the WP-Testimonials plugin 3.4.1 for WordPress allows an authenticated user to execute arbitrary SQL commands via the testid parameter to wp-admin/admin.php.

2017-06-09
High

CVE-2017-2195

SQL injection vulnerability in the Multi Feed Reader prior to version 2.2.4 allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

High

CVE-2016-7803

SQL injection vulnerability in the Cybozu Garoon 3.0.0 to 4.2.2 allows remote authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via "MultiReport" function.

2017-06-08
Critical

CVE-2016-2034

SQL injection vulnerability in ClearPass Policy Manager 6.5.x through 6.5.6 and 6.6.0.

2017-06-07
Critical

CVE-2015-7346

SQL injection vulnerability in ZCMS 1.1.

2017-06-06
High

CVE-2017-9449

SQL injection vulnerability in BigTree CMS through 4.2.18 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via core/admin/modules/developer/modules/views/create.php. The attacker c…

2017-06-05
High

CVE-2017-9443

BigTree CMS through 4.2.18 allows remote authenticated users to conduct SQL injection attacks via a crafted tables object in manifest.json in an uploaded package. This issue exists in core\admin\modu…

High

CVE-2017-9437

Openbravo Business Suite 3.0 is affected by SQL injection. This vulnerability could allow remote authenticated attackers to inject arbitrary SQL code.

Critical

CVE-2017-9436

TeamPass before 2.1.27.4 is vulnerable to a SQL injection in users.queries.php.

Critical

CVE-2017-9435

Dolibarr ERP/CRM before 5.0.3 is vulnerable to a SQL injection in user/index.php (search_supervisor and search_statut parameters).

Critical

CVE-2017-8835

SQL injection exists on Peplink Balance 305, 380, 580, 710, 1350, and 2500 devices with firmware before fw-b305hw2_380hw6_580hw2_710hw3_1350hw2_2500-7.0.1-build2093. An attack vector is the bauth coo…

2017-06-04
High

CVE-2017-9427

SQL injection vulnerability in BigTree CMS through 4.2.18 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary SQL commands via core\admin\modules\developer\modules\designer\form-create.php. The at…

2017-06-02
Critical

CVE-2017-9360

WebsiteBaker v2.10.0 has a SQL injection vulnerability in /account/details.php.

2017-05-29
High

CVE-2016-10379

The VirtueMart com_virtuemart component 3.0.14 for Joomla! allows SQL injection by remote authenticated administrators via the virtuemart_paymentmethod_id or virtuemart_shipmentmethod_id parameter to…

High

CVE-2016-10378

e107 2.1.1 allows SQL injection by remote authenticated administrators via the pagelist parameter to e107_admin/menus.php, related to the menuSaveVisibility function.

2017-05-26
High

CVE-2017-7236

SQL injection vulnerability in NetApp OnCommand Unified Manager Core Package 5.x before 5.2.2P1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

2017-05-22
Critical

CVE-2016-4905

SQL injection vulnerability in the WP-OliveCart versions prior to 3.1.3 and WP-OliveCartPro versions prior to 3.1.8 allows attackers with administrator rights to execute arbitrary SQL commands via un…

2017-05-18
Critical

CVE-2017-6195

Ipswitch MOVEit Transfer (formerly DMZ) allows pre-authentication blind SQL injection. The fixed versions are MOVEit Transfer 2017 9.0.0.201, MOVEit DMZ 8.3.0.30, and MOVEit DMZ 8.2.0.20.

2017-05-17
Critical

CVE-2017-8917

SQL injection vulnerability in Joomla! 3.7.x before 3.7.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via unspecified vectors.

2017-05-16
High

CVE-2017-7952

INFOR EAM V11.0 Build 201410 has SQL injection via search fields, related to the filtervalue parameter.

2017-05-10
Critical

CVE-2017-7886

Dolibarr ERP/CRM 4.0.4 has SQL Injection in doli/theme/eldy/style.css.php via the lang parameter.